Rina Mohammed
The original Roman calendar had 10 months with 304 days in a year that begins in March. January and February were added later in 7th century BC, but because the months are 29 or 30 days long, an extra month would be added to every second year. The days of the months were designated by an awkward method of counting backward from three dates. It was not surprising when the Roman calendar became hopelessly confused when officials that were in charge in adding days and months abused their authority to prolong their terms of office or to hasten or delay elections.
In 45 BC Julius Caesar, upon the advice of Greek astronomer Sosigenes, decided to use a purely solar calendar, known as the Julian calendar. It fixed the normal year at 365 days, and the leap year every fourth year, at 366 days. The Julian calendar established the order of the months and the days of the week as they exist in present-day calendars. In 44 BC Julius Caesar changed the name of the month Quintilis to Julius (July), after himself. The month Sextilis was renamed Augustus (August), in honor of the Roman emperor Caesar Augustus, who succeeded Julius Caesar. Some authorities maintain that Augustus established the length of the months we use today.